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JOURNAL

ISSN 2077-7477 (Print)
ISSN 2077-7485 (Online)

A journal "Dovkillia ta zdorovia" (Environment & Health) publishes the articles on the problems in the field of medical ecology, hygiene, health protection and ecological safety.

Founder of the Journal:
State Institution "O.M. Marzeiev Institute for Hygiene and Medical Ecology of the National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine"

Frequency of publication:
quarterly

Environment & HealthISSN: 2077-7477 eISSN: 2077-7485
No: 4 (89)   -   December, 2018   -   Pages: 40-47
Non-tumoral thyroid gland diseases in the residents of the radioactive-contaminated areas and adult population evacuated from the 30-kilometer zone of the Chernobyl NPP. Observation period 1988-2016
Prykashñhykova K.Ye.1, Kapustynska Î.A.1, Yaroshenko Zh.S.1, Kostiuk G.V.1, Lukianiuk V.A.1, Olåp³r O.V.1, Sirovenko V.I.1, Romanenko N.T.1, Polianska V.M.1
1 State Institution «National Research Center for Radiation Medicine of the National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine», Kyiv

ÓÄÊ: 616.441:616–036–053.8:616–001.28:614.876

SUMMÀRY:
Objective: We studied the features of the development of non-tumoral thyroid gland diseases in the residents of radioactive-contaminated territories (RCT) aged 0-60 years and the evacuees from the 30-km zone of the Chernobyl nuclear power plant aged 18-60 years at the date of the catastrophe for 1988-2016.
Materials and methods: The database of the State Register of Ukraine (SRU) of the persons suffered from the ionizing radiation at the Chernobyl accident (98,902 residents of radioactive-contaminated territories and 63,146 persons evacuated from the 30-km zone of the Chernobyl NPP) was a source of information. We used the epidemiological research methods. For the period of the observation we assessed the features of the manifestations of non-tumoral thyroid gland diseases and their separate groups. Calculations of the indicators were carried out with the help of EXEL-2013 packages.
Results: During thirty-years’epidemiological study of the structure of the diseases of endocrine system, digestive disorders, and metabolic disorders, the non-tumoral thyroid gland diseases (93.21% in RCT residents and 73.00% in the adult evacuees) were at the first place. Irrespective of gender and age, the group of diseases "other forms of non-toxic goiter (E04)" has the highest percentage among thyroid gland diseases in the total cohorts of the victims (87.09% in the residents of the RCT and 16% in the evacuees), the group of "thyroiditis (E06)" is at the second place in the structure, the group of "thyrotoxicosis (hyperthyroidism (E05) has the smallest proportion. The dependence of the development of thyroid gland diseases on the age of the suffered was determined: the structure of nosological forms was rapidly aggravated by the number of severe forms of diseases of the groups of "thyrotoxicosis (hyperthyreosis) (E05)" and "thyroiditis (E06)" in men and women with the age, but simultaneously a decrease of the group of the diseases "other forms of non-toxic goiter (E04)” was observed. Dependence of the structure of thyroid gland diseases on the gender of the patients was established. Among the inhabitants of the RCT, irrespective of their age, "other forms of nontoxic goiter (E04)" prevail among men, the "thyrotoxicosis (E05)" and "thyroiditis (E06)" groups prevail in women with the increase of the age. Among the evacuees there is an insignificance predominance of all forms of thyroid gland diseases in women in comparison with men, except "thyrotoxicosis (E05)" and "other forms of non-toxic goiter (E04)”.
Conclusions:
1. Identification and assessment of the incidence of thyroid gland diseases in the residents of the RCT and the evacuees from the 30-kilometer zone of the Chernobyl NPP are of great importance among the effects-consequences of the Chernobyl accident: the rapid beginning of them in the younger age categories (child’s, young), the increase of the age of the victims, and the transition of light nosological forms into severe ones can lead to invalidism and disability of the patient (average age 47.5 years).
2. On the basis of performed analysis of non-tumoral thyroid gland diseases among the residents of RCT and the evacuees for the improvement of life quality and health of the suffered from the Chernobyl accident, we recommend to perform the dynamic monitoring of the patients at the primary level, to perform the explanatory work for the prevention of thyroid gland disease, and to adhere to the treatment protocols.

KEYWORDS:
non-tumoral thyroid gland diseases, Chernobyl catastrophe, radiation exposure, residents of radioactive-contaminated territories, the adult population evacuated from the 30-km zone of the Chernobyl NPP
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