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Edition of the journal is supported partially by the grant of the Fogarty International Center (FIC) of the National Institute of Health and Illinois University, Chicago.

JOURNAL

ISSN 2077-7477 (Print)
ISSN 2077-7485 (Online)

A journal "Dovkillia ta zdorovia" (Environment & Health) publishes the articles on the problems in the field of medical ecology, hygiene, health protection and ecological safety.

Founder of the Journal:
State Institution "O.M. Marzeiev Institute for Hygiene and Medical Ecology of the National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine"

Frequency of publication:
quarterly

Environment & HealthISSN: 2077-7477 eISSN: 2077-7485
No: 2 (99)   -   June, 2021   -   Pages: 15-22
Influence of legislative changes in the sphere of healthcare on tobacco smoking and mortality from cardiovascular pathology among the population of Ukraine
Omelchenko E.M.1, Polka O.O.1, Yelizarova O.T.1, Kartashova S.S.2
1 SI «O.M. Marzieiev Institute for Public Health, National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukrainå»
2 Kyiv National University of Trade and Economics

ÓÄÊ: 614.1/2: 314.18 : 314.4

ABSTRACT:
Smoking is at one of the first places among the factors of lifestyle that negatively affect human health, including indicators of the respiratory, reproductive, digestive and cardiovascular systems. A relationship between smoking and morbidity, prevalence and mortality from cardiovascular diseases (CVD), taking into account the age structure of the Ukrainian population, was a subject of the study. These diseases were selected as an indicator of the negative effects of smoking.
Objective: We identified the trends in the variability of cardiovascular pathology among the population under the influence of both active and passive smoking, established the degree of relationship between these indicators and assessed «cause-effect» relationships as well.
Materials and methods: The data analysis was performed on the basis of the official state statistics and own retrospective genetic monitoring data.
Results: In Ukraine, since 2009, current legislation significantly restricts smoking in public places. Due to the reduction of smoking intensity, the above measures were expected to lead to a reduction in the incidence (mortality) from CVD during a long period after the enactment of legislative changes. The share of smokers in Ukraine (age 12+) for the period 2013-2016 is lower by 17.4% (t=4.6; p<0.01) than for the period 2004-2012. The share of the smokers in Ukraine (age 12+) for the period 2013-2016 is lower by 17.4% (t=4.6; p<0.01) than for the period 2004-2012. At the same time, there was a decrease in the proportion of those who smoke 1-5 or more 20 cigarettes a day. From 2009 to 2016, the incidence of CVD decreased by 23%, and the mortality rate from CVD decreased by 9%. This decrease was due both to a decrease in the number of smokers (almost by 32%) and to a decrease in cigarette sales (at least by 39%). The relationship between a decrease in the proportion of smokers in the population and a decrease in morbidity and mortality from cardiovascular disease (p<0.05) has been established.
Conclusions: The enactment of the Law of Ukraine on Tobacco Control had a positive systemic effect, its impact affected the reduction of morbidity and mortality of the population of Ukraine from cardiovascular diseases, which significantly improved the demographic situation.

KEYWORDS:
lifestyle, smoking, prevention of cardiovascular diseases
REFERENCES:
1. Serdechno-sosudistye zabolevaniya [Cardiovascular diseases]. URL : https://www.who.int/cardiovascular_diseases/ru/
2. Pro zakhody shchodo poperedzhennia ta zmenshennia vzhyvannia tiutiunovykh vyrobiv i yikh shkidlyvoho vplyvu na zdorovia naselennia : Zakon Ukrainy zi zminamy vid 16.10.2012 ¹ 5460-VI [On the Measures for the Prevention and Decrease of Tobacco Products’ Use and their Adverse Impact on the Health of the Population]. (in Ukrainian). URL : http://zakon4.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/2899-15
3. Timchenko Î., Lynchak O., Kartashova S. and Omelchenko E. Radionuclide Polluted Settlements: the Probability of Birth Defects among the Newborns and Spontaneous Abortions among Women. Chîrnobyl – 20 Years Later. Experiences and Lessons for the Future: Program and Abstracts. Berlin; 2006 : 25-26.
4. Polka O.O., Omelchenko E.M., Kachko H.O. and Pedan L.R. Foliieva kyslota u profilaktychnii medytsyni [FolicAcid in Preventive Medicine]. Dovkillia ta zdorovia (Environment & Health). 2017 ; 2 (82) : 22-26 (in Ukrainian).
5. Hlobalne opytuvannia doroslykh shchodo vzhyvannia tiutiunu (GATS), Ukraina, 2010. Zvit za rezultatamy doslidzhennia [Global Adult Tobacco Survey(GATS) , Ukraine, 2010. Report]. Kyiv ; 2010 : 159 p. (in Ukrainian).
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