The aim. Medical, sanitary and toxicological assessment of the main categories of fertilizers based on the content of chemical components with the determination of priority indicators of probable risk to human health, safety for the quality of agricultural products and raw materials, and environmental objects.

Materials and methods. Toxicological passports, scientific reports on sanitary and epidemiological assessment of technical conditions for production and conditions for obtaining organic raw materials, protocols of own research on physicochemical and sanitary and toxicological indicators of various types of fertilizers. 108 documents from previous years were processed on the assessment of indicators of various types of fertilizers. The assessment was carried out by the method of hygienic analysis taking into account the peculiarities of action.

Results. Analysis of the results of the conducted studies shows that according to the criteria for assessing the medical and sanitary indicators of the impact of fertilizers on the body, mineral, organo-mineral and complex fertilizers are assessed mainly as low-hazard (IV) and moderately hazardous (III) toxicity classes, and organic fertilizers are assessed as low-hazard (IV) substances under the condition of complete deinvasion. It should be noted that by the nature of the action and probable consequences for the environment, it is the use of organo-mineral and organic fertilizers that ensures the sustainable reproduction and preservation of soil fertility, which occurs by creating optimal conditions for their biological activity, which is the basis for the normal functioning of the entire ecosystem. Improving fertility includes balancing physical, chemical and biological
properties to optimize the number and diversity of soil organisms. The organic system prefers the use of such energy resources that are attracted from the outside and have a biological origin, and are not products of chemistry. Organic and organo-mineral fertilizers restore
the most important property of the soil — fertility, due to the introduction of organic components they increase its quality indicators, the ability to retain moisture and nutrients, which helps to improve the conditions for plant growth. Although mineral fertilizers are well absorbed by plants, when their intake into the soil is exceeded, they harm the environment, contribute to greenhouse gas emissions and pollution of water sources. Despite this, in Ukraine there is currently no separate document on the assessment indicators and conditions for handling fertilizers in general, and there are only regulatory documents on pesticides and the soil itself, which requires the development
of a separate document on the safe use of fertilizers in accordance with EU requirements.

Conclusions. Based on the results of a comparative analysis of the characteristics and features of the action of different types of fertilizers, it was established that the most effective comprehensive measure for the restoration of degraded soils is the use of organomineral
and organic fertilizers, which contribute to the restoration of the soil structure, prevent its depletion and chemical pollution, and restore fertility. The use of organic and organo-mineral fertilizers helps to maintain a stable ecosystem, preserving a safe environment for future generations. Currently, the issue of implementing European sanitary and epidemiological requirements for the use of fertilizers as a significant factor in soil restoration in order to prevent negative impacts on the health of the population of Ukraine is relevant.

soil, organic, mineral and organo-mineral fertilizers, nutrients, toxicological and chemical indicators

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